Cancers of the organs located in the head and neck region are referred to as head and neck cancers. This group constitutes approximately 10% of all cancers, with the most common types being cancers of the mouth and oral cavity, pharynx, larynx (vocal cords), nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands.

Head and neck cancers develop when the healthy cells in these organs undergo genetic and environmental changes, eventually transforming into abnormal cancer cells. While normal healthy cells grow, multiply, and die, abnormal cells exhibit uncontrolled growth and do not die. As these abnormal cells multiply, they form tumors. Head and neck cancers have a high risk of spreading to the lymph nodes in the neck region. While less common, there is also a risk of cancer cells spreading to other parts of the body.

Common symptoms include (depending on the organ where the cancer develops):
• Hoarseness
• A lump or swelling in the neck
• A persistent sore in the mouth
• Nasal or throat congestion
• Blood in cough
• Painful swallowing or a feeling of something stuck in the throat

Early diagnosis significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. Paying attention to symptoms and seeking early diagnosis and treatment intervention is crucial. Starting treatment early allows head and neck cancers to be eradicated before they progress in the body.

The treatment of head and neck cancers depends on the organ involved, the stage of the cancer, and the preservation of organ function. Radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy is the preferred treatment method for head and neck cancers. In patients undergoing surgery, radiotherapy is often added to improve disease control. The goal of combining treatments is to increase the chances of recovery.

Early diagnosis saves lives. Therefore, it is essential to take any new or unusual symptoms seriously and share them with your doctor without delay.